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In today's development of the world of knowledge, sound waves can be used for various research purposes as follows;
- Marine Field to measure the depth of the sea.
- The industrial sector to know the defects that occur in the products it produces.
- Agriculture to improve the quality of agricultural products.
- The field of medicine can be used to treat any disease in the body's organs.
For this purpose, a tool that works based on the principle of sound wave reflection is used called SONAR (Sound Navigation Ranging).
Principles of Sonar
Based on the principle of ultrasonic wave reflection. This tool was first introduced by Paul Langevin, a scientist from France in 1914. At that time Paul and his assistants made a device that could send a strong beam of high-frequency sound waves (ultrasonic) through the water.
Basically, Sonar has two parts of a device that emits ultrasonic waves called a transmitter (emitter) and a device that can detect the arrival of reflected waves (echoes) called a sensor (receiver).
Definition of Transmitter
The transmitter is a continuation device of the sensor, which is an element of the process control system. To measure the magnitude of a process used a measuring instrument called a sensor (the part that is directly related to the medium being measured), where the transmitter then converts the signal received from the sensor into a standard signal. Based on the quantity that needs to be transformed, the transmitter can be classified as a temperature transmitter, surface height transmitter, flow transmitter. Transmitters can be connected to various receivers such as pointing instruments, recording devices, regulators that have standard input signals.
Depending on the type of output signal one can distinguish, for example, a pneumatic transmitter signal and an electric transmitter. Like all pneumatic devices, a pneumatic transmitter has the advantage of being safe against the dangers of sparks caused by a short circuit on the electric transmitter.
Receiver function
receiver or receiver functions to convert electric current into sound. The receiver is placed in the ear on the receiver. The electrical signal that comes from the voice of the sender will be translated back into voice by the receiver.
Ultrasonic waves are emitted by the transmitter (transmitter) which is directed at the target, then it will be reflected back and captured by the receiver (receiver).
By measuring the time it takes for the wave to be emitted until the wave is received again, it can be seen the distance determined. To measure the depth of the sea, SONAR was put under the ship. With the ultrasonic beam directed straight at the seabed, the depth of the water can be calculated from the length of time between the jets descending and rising after being echoed.
Many technologies make use of sound waves and light waves.
example: simple technology carried out by traditional fishermen in the waters of the Java sea, which they usually call the fish phone. Namely detecting the presence of fish by listening to voices through their oars. But because the audible sound waves (20 Hz-20,000 Hz) have a very wide range, and there are many sources of interference, people are more likely to use ultrasound waves (ultrasonic) with a frequency of> 20,000 Hz. Ultrasonic is widely used a.l. for sea depth measurements. Namely by sending waves toward the seabed, and measuring the return time of their reflection. Thus, the distance traveled by the waves (2 x depth of the sea) can be obtained.
Light waves a.l. applied in communication technology using optical fiber (optical fiber). In this case, the sound waves which have been converted into electrical signals will modulate the light gel. And this light wave that is transmitted through the optical fiber towards the receiver. With this technology, communication signal transmission becomes more resistant to external interference.
Some of the benefits of sound waves, in this case, are the reflection of sound waves
- that can be used to measure the depth of the sea where the ultrasonic sound is used
- to detect the fetus in the uterus, usually using infrasound sounds
- detect cracks of metal and others.
- creation of speakers including the benefits of audio sonic sound.
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